Q: What is COB (Chip On Board)? Introduce the Evolution History of COB

COB (Chip On Board) has already been a mature technology in the electronics manufacturing industry. Previously, COB was mostly only used in some low-end consumer products. However, as electronic products become smaller and smaller, the COB process can be used for smaller space more than IC. COB is to transplant the wire bonding and capsule operations of IC packaging to the circuit board, and re-adhere the die that was originally pasted to the lead-frame to the PCB. Re-solder the wires that were originally bonded to the lead frame to the gold-plated pads of the PCB, and then use Epoxy to cover the wafers and wires to replace the original mold package. The advantages of COB COB can save the original IC packaging Trimming & Form and marking processes, and it can also reduce the cost of the IC packaging factory's sales and marketing, so basically its process will be cheaper than the IC packaging process.

Q: Where are printed circuit boards used? II

PCBs are used in many different sectors. We have introduced the applications in telecommunication. Today we are talking about some applications in consumer electronics products, which are the bigger part of our daily lives. Communications devices: Smartphones, smart watches, radios and other communications products require PCBs. Home appliances: Such as televisions, refrigerators, telephones, and so on require 2-4 layers PCB. Entertainment : computers, DVD players, audio equipment, and so on. *Related Article: Where are printed circuit boards used? Where are printed circuit boards used? III Where are printed circuit boards used? IV Where are printed circuit boards used? V

Q: How to Have PCB Material Ready?

Differs from PCB design and PCB specification, different PCB material could be used for different applications of PCB design. Before cropping the PCB material, some important features of material such as the material brand, TG (Glass Transition Temperature) value requirement, level of DK (Dielectric constant) and DF (Dissipation Factor) value, and copper thickness will be listed on the OP to be confirmed in advance that PCB makers do start PCB productions with the correct PCB material. When it comes to production, the first process for PCB makers is to crop the material into working size in most efficient way in order not to waste extra material. By increasing the material usage could help customer to save more cost on PCB. After the cropping process, the material in working size is ready to go!

Q: One of the surface finish of PCB, Carbon

There are several surface for PCB, such as OSP, immersion gold, HAL lead-free, gold fingers, etc. And Carbon is kind of auxiliary surface. Here we mainly introduce the role of Carbon for PCB. The introduction and application of carbon. Carbon is mainly composed of resin, hardener, and carbon powder The characteristics of carbon. It is mainly to maintain conductivity and protect the copper surface of the PCB, used for high-reliability membrane switches, keyboards, and other key-type products. The advantages of carbon. It provides excellent adhesion and smoothness of the surface

Q: Where are printed circuit boards used?

PCBs are used in many different sectors, from small devices to huge machinery. Here we are talking about some applications in telecommunication products because PCBs are necessary in this industry. Bluetooth equipment : Bluetooth headsets, speakers, microphones, etc. require PCBs. Netcom Products : Such as high-frequency module, etc., which require high-frequency and high-speed PCBs. Wireless Communication : Smartphones, Wi-Fi devices, 5G Products, etc. require PCBs. Some will need high-frequency and high-speed material due to the speed of the transfer speed. *Related Article: Where are printed circuit boards used? II Where are printed circuit boards used? III Where are printed circuit boards used? IV Where are printed circuit boards used? V

Q: Does Gerber required for PCB quote or production? What format of Gerber are most commonly used in PCB industry?

Gerber file RS-274X Either you’re a product developer, designer, engineer, or buyer in PCB industry, you might have heard of Gerber file. Most commonly used Gerber file format by PCB manufacturers is RS-274X. Once the Gerber file is provided to PCB manufacturer, the PCB factory uses Genensis 2000, CAM350 or any other type of CAM software to read the Gerber file. Then the data could be either converted into production data, stencil data, OP or formal quoted form (IR). The accurate project information enable the PCB manufacturers to evaluate the project thoroughly. 6 essential specifications for PCB evaluation So the Gerber file is the most essential element when clients try to get a project evaluated by PCB manufacturers. Besides the Gerber file, there’re six important specifications needed during assess stage. Board Layer count, material type, copper thickness, solder mask color, surface finish type, and board thickness. If the project is Rigid-Flex, HDI or even more complicated design, stack up drawing might be needed too. The more completed documents you provided to your PCB manufacturer, the more precise quote you will get by them.

Q: Why is OP important in PCB production?

When having discussion with PCB maker, you must have had heard that PCB factory is following the specification and instruction in OP when producing the PCB of your design. OP is the producing standard that engineer inputs all your requirements into. It is like an ID of your PCB design. Including the PCB size, layer count of PCB, copper thickness of inner layer and outer layer, surface finish type, solder mask color, silk screen color, V-cut or mouse-bite, quality level requirement, and other types of requirement that is related to your PCB design. So is OP important to the PCB production? The answer is surely positive because all things related to PCB fabrication is based on this OP!

Question 1

Brief Talk about PCB Materials

Accepted Answer

When it comes to basic PCB designing and producing, there are various choices for PCB material like FR and CEM series. Do you know how to pick the one that suits you well?

Here, we will list the basic differences between the common materials.

FR series – The most popular material.
FR stands for “Flame Retardants”, which is a glass fiber epoxy laminate material that meets the UL94v-0 fire standard set by UL. The differences between material FR series (such as FR-1, FR-2 and FR-4) are their thermal properties, heat resistance and electrical strength. FR-4 is suitable and widely used from single-layer to multi-layered PCBs.

CEM series – Low grade but widely used for single / double-layer PCB.
Such as CEM-1 and CEM-3. CEM-1 is composite material composed of woven glass fabric and paper core combined with epoxy resin. Widely used for single-layer PCBs; and CEM-3 is made of glass cloth and glass mat composite substrate material, which developed on the basis of FR-4. For double-layer PCBs, it is a great alternative to FR-4.

Comparison of prices for the above materials: FR-1 < FR-2 < CEM-1 < CEM-3 < FR-4

So far, the material FR-4 is still the best choice for PCB production due to its cost-efficiency and good characteristics. And CEM-1 is the first choice of LED lighting manufacturers, because it has achieved the best balance between heat dissipation performance and cost.

Question 2

What is COB (Chip On Board)? Introduce the Evolution History of COB

Accepted Answer

COB (Chip On Board) has already been a mature technology in the electronics manufacturing industry. Previously, COB was mostly only used in some low-end consumer products. However, as electronic products become smaller and smaller, the COB process can be used for smaller space more than IC.

COB is to transplant the wire bonding and capsule operations of IC packaging to the circuit board, and re-adhere the die that was originally pasted to the lead-frame to the PCB. Re-solder the wires that were originally bonded to the lead frame to the gold-plated pads of the PCB, and then use Epoxy to cover the wafers and wires to replace the original mold package.

The advantages of COB

COB can save the original IC packaging Trimming & Form and marking processes, and it can also reduce the cost of the IC packaging factory's sales and marketing, so basically its process will be cheaper than the IC packaging process.

Question 3

Where are printed circuit boards used? II

Accepted Answer

PCBs are used in many different sectors. We have introduced the applications in telecommunication. Today we are talking about some applications in consumer electronics products, which are the bigger part of our daily lives.

Communications devices: Smartphones, smart watches, radios and other communications products require PCBs.

Home appliances: Such as televisions, refrigerators, telephones, and so on require 2-4 layers PCB.

Entertainment: computers, DVD players, audio equipment, and so on.

*Related Article:
Where are printed circuit boards used?
Where are printed circuit boards used? III
Where are printed circuit boards used? IV
Where are printed circuit boards used? V

Question 4

From MetaVerse to AR/VR Application Introducing HDI (High Density Interconnect) PCB

Accepted Answer

Metaverse x AR/VR application

Ever since Facebook(Meta) announced its “Metaverse Grand Mission”, it has been a popular issue in the electronic industry. Many electronic products could be derived from the idea of “Metaverse” such as AR and VR device. For a reliable VR or AR wearable device, it might requires faster network speed, more powerful graphic processor and so on. Thus, the product developer will choose HDI PCB rather than Rigid PCB as its key electronic component.

AR/VR application x HDI PCB HDI PCB stands for High Density Interconnect PCB. And HDI is a kind of PCB technology which generated from the requirement of higher wiring density with smaller PTH/NPTH holes, higher connection pad density and finer line width and spacing.

The features of HDI PCB are light, thin, and short which makes it an ideal electronic component for wearable device. With previous mentioned advantages, it could increase the trace density, facilitate the use of advanced packing technology, and greatly improves the signal out performance. That’s why product developer or designer will choose HDI PCB over than conventional Rigid PCB for its key electronic component.

If you’re interested in wearable device or HDI PCB, please check below relevant articles.

1.HDI PCB and its application
2.Smart Watch
3.NPTH, PTH Holes

Question 5

How to Have PCB Material Ready?

Accepted Answer

Differs from PCB design and PCB specification, different PCB material could be used for different applications of PCB design. Before cropping the PCB material, some important features of material such as the material brand, TG (Glass Transition Temperature) value requirement, level of DK (Dielectric constant) and DF (Dissipation Factor) value, and copper thickness will be listed on the OP to be confirmed in advance that PCB makers do start PCB productions with the correct PCB material.

When it comes to production, the first process for PCB makers is to crop the material into working size in most efficient way in order not to waste extra material.

By increasing the material usage could help customer to save more cost on PCB. After the cropping process, the material in working size is ready to go!

Question 6

The basic composition of Printed Circuit Board (PCB)

Accepted Answer

A complete Printed Circuit Board (PCB) is consist of different parts, and each has its own function and purpose. If you are interest in this product and industry. Let’s read the following introduction and learn more!

Pattern: The Pattern refers to the traces on PCB, which are used for circuit conduction between components, and a large copper surface is also designed as a ground and power plane.

Dielectric: The dielectric is used to maintain the insulation between the circuit and each layer, also known as base material.

Through hole: Also known as Via, which is used to connect the circuit between different layers. The larger sized via is used for insert component, also, there is non-plating through hole (NPTH), which is used for positioning while SMT process and fixing screws while assembling.

Solder resistant/Solder Mask: Not all the copper surfaces need to be mounted components, thus, the non-mounted copper surface area will be applied a layer of solder mask (epoxy liquid material) to avoid short circuit occur.

Legend/Marking/Silk screen: This is a non-essential part, the main purpose is only for marking the name, position frame for mounting components, so as to facilitate maintenance and identification after assembly.

Surface Finish: Because the copper surface is easily oxidized when exposed to air, and it will lead to poor solderability. Thus, it will be applied a layer of surface finish to protect the copper surface. There several type of surface finish like: HASL, ENIG, Immersion silver, Immersion Tin, OSP…etc. Each of them has its own plus and minus. We will discuss this topic in a later article.

Profesional PCB supplier in Taiwan |ExPlus

Question 7

One of the surface finish of PCB, Carbon

Accepted Answer

There are several surface for PCB, such as OSP, immersion gold, HAL lead-free, gold fingers, etc.
And Carbon is kind of auxiliary surface.
Here we mainly introduce the role of Carbon for PCB.

The introduction and application of carbon.
Carbon is mainly composed of resin, hardener, and carbon powder

The characteristics of carbon.
It is mainly to maintain conductivity and protect the copper surface of the PCB, used for high-reliability membrane switches, keyboards, and other key-type products.

The advantages of carbon.
It provides excellent adhesion and smoothness of the surface

Question 8

Where are printed circuit boards used?

Accepted Answer

PCBs are used in many different sectors, from small devices to huge machinery. Here we are talking about some applications in telecommunication products because PCBs are necessary in this industry.

Bluetooth equipment: Bluetooth headsets, speakers, microphones, etc. require PCBs.

Netcom Products: Such as high-frequency module, etc., which require high-frequency and high-speed PCBs.

Wireless Communication: Smartphones, Wi-Fi devices, 5G Products, etc. require PCBs. Some will need high-frequency and high-speed material due to the speed of the transfer speed.

*Related Article:
Where are printed circuit boards used? II
Where are printed circuit boards used? III
Where are printed circuit boards used? IV
Where are printed circuit boards used? V

Question 9

Does Gerber required for PCB quote or production? What format of Gerber are most commonly used in PCB industry?

Accepted Answer

Gerber file RS-274X
Either you’re a product developer, designer, engineer, or buyer in PCB industry, you might have heard of Gerber file. Most commonly used Gerber file format by PCB manufacturers is RS-274X. Once the Gerber file is provided to PCB manufacturer, the PCB factory uses Genensis 2000, CAM350 or any other type of CAM software to read the Gerber file. Then the data could be either converted into production data, stencil data, OP or formal quoted form (IR). The accurate project information enable the PCB manufacturers to evaluate the project thoroughly.

6 essential specifications for PCB evaluation
So the Gerber file is the most essential element when clients try to get a project evaluated by PCB manufacturers. Besides the Gerber file, there’re six important specifications needed during assess stage. Board Layer count, material type, copper thickness, solder mask color, surface finish type, and board thickness. If the project is Rigid-Flex, HDI or even more complicated design, stack up drawing might be needed too.
The more completed documents you provided to your PCB manufacturer, the more precise quote you will get by them.

Question 10

Why is OP important in PCB production?

Accepted Answer

When having discussion with PCB maker, you must have had heard that PCB factory is following the specification and instruction in OP when producing the PCB of your design.

OP is the producing standard that engineer inputs all your requirements into. It is like an ID of your PCB design. Including the PCB size, layer count of PCB, copper thickness of inner layer and outer layer, surface finish type, solder mask color, silk screen color, V-cut or mouse-bite, quality level requirement, and other types of requirement that is related to your PCB design.

So is OP important to the PCB production? The answer is surely positive because all things related to PCB fabrication is based on this OP!

Knowledge